What is the difference between the display of female protuberances in ancient Neolithic figurines, which represented the maternal capacity of the sacred feminine, and modern pin-ups or showgirls who celebrate the body's curves as a means of speculative exploitation?
There's no need for an answer; everyone understands the difference... and it's no wonder that modern feminists, like Carla Lonzi and Sara Morace, have revived many of the matriarchal myths of the past to restore the expressive dignity of the female body.
All deities in the past appeared in feminine form or in forms that evoked this quality, from the Great Mother, nature itself, to Mother Water, Mother Moon, and even Mother Sun, etc. (The most ancient sacred formula, the Gayatri Mantra, is dedicated to Savitri, the goddess of solar energy).
Women, as the primordial embodiment of procreative power, were therefore worthy of love and devotion. Fatherhood was "unrecognized" (that is, ignored), the mother certainly existed, and this was an incontrovertible fact... How procreation occurred was left to the maternal instincts, which were influenced or stimulated by the love males lavished on all mothers. In short, the father was simply an inspiring factor in fostering motherhood, not a primary factor but an incidental aid...
This was true up to a certain point, until things gradually changed and the responsibilities for the creative functions were reversed. But it didn't all happen at once; this evolutionary progression from matriarchy to patriarchy took centuries and centuries to consolidate.
The studies of the Lithuanian archaeologist Gimbutas aimed precisely to demonstrate the existence of a very long transition period between matriarchy and patriarchy. The "authors" of patriarchy undoubtedly arose on the banks of the Indus, largely in the Kurgan civilization that originated in the Caucasus, the oldest patriarchal civilization on earth. In that "earthly paradise," the value of fatherhood as a "supportive" factor and consequently as a catalyst for a new religion and mythology was recognized. But the process here, too, was slow, having to be justified with substantial facts that would guarantee its acceptance through historical consistency and allegorical meanings.
This occurred in Hindu mythology, where Parvati, the primordial Goddess, creates a son from herself to protect her from the arrogance of the males who serve Shiva, her husband. This son of hers, Ganesh, is so powerful that he is able to deny Shiva himself access to his mother's chamber (because he had not asked permission to approach; note this important detail, which guarantees the mother's right of choice in the relationship). At this point, Shiva sends his male troops to attack Ganesh, but all his "ganas" are defeated, leaving Shiva himself helpless. Ultimately, it is only through deception and by asking for help from the other male god, Vishnu, known as the preserver, that he manages to defeat Ganesh... but it wasn't a complete debacle... because then, for the love of Parvati, Shiva accepts his fatherhood, that is, he recognizes that Ganesh is his son and restores him to life, but by changing his mind... (and here too, note the associated symbolism...).
This fantastic description speaks volumes about the meaning of the epochal transformation underway 15,000 years BC...
Much later, but still within the context of Indo-European civilization, we even see in ancient Greece that it is the male god who creates from himself. And this is what happens to Jupiter who, unaided by his consort, produces Minerva from his own brain. Times had already changed by this point, patriarchy now reigned supreme, women were broodmares (or hetaerae, good only for passing the time), even love, true and noble love, was expressed between men (see the custom of all Greek masters to have young boys as lovers). At that time, the status of women had fallen somewhat, and in Europe and the Middle East, pockets of resistance remained only here and there.
For example, in the Jewish tradition, the transmission of belonging to the "chosen people" occurred (and still does today) through the mother, the last vestige of matrimony amidst a series of highly patriarchal and misogynistic rules. This misogyny was also adopted—in different ways—by the other two monotheistic religions: Christianity and Islam.
In Islam, however, despite the view of women as subject to others, the criteria of beauty and nobility of sensual love were preserved. Indeed, the Prophet Muhammad had several wives, and even his paradise was filled with beautiful, welcoming women. This at least allowed for a natural intercourse of relationships between the two sexes. However, this did not take into account the "disadvantage" from the female perspective.
Unfortunately, the same did not happen in Christianity, where the original Jewish misogyny prevailed, and even worsened. If in Judaism, divinity, even seen as "God the Father," maintained a detachment from worldly things, being a god who could not be physically represented, in Christianity, in order to justify the divinity of the "son," the creative role of the mother was completely erased. Mary conceived as a virgin from the Holy Spirit; hers is a completely passive performance and stems from God the Father's choice to make her a mother.
This vision also gives rise to the pseudo-scientific Cartesian reasoning that portrays nature as passive, inert, and even stupid… In short, the male spirit “infuses” life, and the “good” mother carries in her womb whatever she is allowed to bear…
You can see for yourselves that this projection is now impractical and obsolete, even though the majority of men still indulge in it, deluding themselves with religious and ideological tales of male “superiority,” the “superiority” of speculative scientific intelligence, the “superiority” of power and strength. This way, no progress is made in the evolution of the species.
It is obvious that both of these aspects, matriarchy and patriarchy, have played a historical role in the development of the “qualities” of the human species. Now is the time to understand their total complementarity and common belonging, not to move toward a unisex species, but rather to recognize equal value and meaning in both aspects and functions… in a symbiotic fusion.
...We need to "frame" gender cultures, both feminist and masculine, within a broader context, also observing the steps taken in this direction in ancient Eastern and Western civilizations and in contemporary society, overcoming the canons linked to gender, the feminine and the masculine.
I have my own opinion on the shift in thinking that occurred during the Neolithic period regarding the "value" of the feminine, which later resulted in patriarchy. That male patriarchy has caused harm to humanity is very true, and we still see it today. But the solution lies neither in a return to matriarchy nor in the erasure of differences (in a unisex form). Man, as a male, at a certain point in his history needed to conquer a mental space of his own that was denied him during the predominance of matriarchy. For this reason, he further developed his analytical and rational capacity, a method of "surrounding the truth" through intellectual understanding. Women, who naturally possess a strong intuitive intelligence, have somehow enabled this transition, which is ultimately aimed at the evolution of the human species as a whole.
A greater capacity for understanding on the part of men has now been achieved, albeit in a tentative form.
Now we can speak equally between genders and thus overcome any rivalry. Of course, this discourse is not possible on a global level, that of the body/psychic mass, but it has been initiated... so sooner or later it will emerge in the conscious. Evolution takes a very long time...
Paolo D'Arpini - Committee for Lay Spirituality
Testo Italiano:
Non c'è nemmeno bisogno di una risposta, ognuno capisce da sè la differenza... e non c'è da meravigliarsi che le moderne femministe, come Carla Lonzi e Sara Morace, abbiano ripreso molti dei miti matristici del passato per riportare alla dignità espressiva il corpo femminile.
Tutte le divinità nel passato si mostravano in aspetto femminile od in forme che evocavano tale qualità, a cominciare dalla Grande Madre, la natura stessa, sino a Madre Acqua, Madre Luna ed anche Madre Sole, etc. (la formula sacra più antica, il Gayatri Mantra, è dedicato a Savitri, la dea dell’energia solare).
Le donne in quanto incarnazione primigenia del potere procreativo erano pertanto degne di amore e di devozione. La paternità era "misconosciuta" (ovvero ignorata), la madre esisteva di certo e questo era un dato incontrovertibile… Come poi l’operazione procreativa accadesse era lasciato agli umori materni che venivano influenzati o sollecitati dall’amore rivolto dai maschi verso tutte le madri. Insomma il padre era un semplice elemento ispirante per promuovere la maternità, non un fattore primo ma un incidentale aiuto…
Questo sino ad un certo punto, finché non cambiarono pian piano le cose e le responsabilità nelle funzioni creatrici si rovesciarono. Ma non avvenne tutto assieme, questo andamento evolutivo dal matrismo al patriarcato prese secoli e secoli per consolidarsi.
Avveniva così nella mitologia induista in cui Parvati, la Dea primordiale crea da se stessa un figlio che la protegga dall’arroganza dei maschi che servivano Shiva il suo sposo. Questo suo figlio, Ganesh, è talmente potente che è in grado di impedire l’accesso alla camera della madre a Shiva stesso (perché non aveva chiesto il permesso di avvicinarsi, notate bene questo particolare importante in cui si garantisce alla madre il diritto di scelta nel rapporto). A questo punto Shiva invia le sue truppe maschili all’attacco di Ganesh ma tutti i suoi "gana" vengono sconfitti e Shiva medesimo vien lasciato con un palmo di naso ed infine è solo con l’inganno e chiedendo aiuto all’altro dio maschile, Vishnu, definito il conservatore, che riesce a sconfiggere Ganesh… ma non fu una totale debacle... poiché poi, per amore di Parvati, Shiva accetta di essere padre, ovvero riconosce che Ganesh è suo figlio e lo ristora alla vita, cambiandogli però testa… (ed anche qui notate le simbologie connesse…).
Questa descrizione fantastica la dice lunga sul significato della trasformazione epocale in corso 15.000 anni prima di Cristo…
Ad esempio nella tradizione giudaica la trasmissione della appartenenza al "popolo eletto" avveniva (ed è ancora oggi così) per via materna, ultimo rimasuglio matristico in mezzo ad una serie di regole molto patriarcali e misogine. Tale misoginia fu assunta –in modi differenti- anche dalle altre due religioni monoteiste: il cristianesimo e l’islamismo.
Nell’islamismo però, malgrado la visione della donna in chiave di sudditanza, si salvò il criterio di bellezza e nobiltà dell’amore sensuale, infatti il profeta Maometto ebbe diverse mogli e persino il suo paradiso era riempito di belle donne accoglienti. Questo almeno consentiva un naturale intercourse di rapporti fra i due sessi. Senza però considerare lo "svantaggio" dal punto di vista femminile.
Capite da voi stessi che tale proiezione è ormai improponibile ed obsoleta, sia pur che la maggioranza degli uomini ancora vi si crogiola, illudendosi con favole religiose ed ideologiche della "superiorità" maschile, della "superiorità" dell’intelligenza speculativa scientifica, della "superiorità" del potere e della forza. Così non si fanno passi avanti nell’evoluzione della specie.
...Occorre “inquadrare” le culture di genere, sia femminista che maschilista, in un panorama più ampio, osservando anche i passi fatti in tal senso nelle antiche civiltà d’oriente e d’occidente e nella società presente, superando i canoni legati al genere, il femminile ed il maschile.
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