venerdì 13 ottobre 2023

Ethics are not Taoist... - L'etica non è taoista

 


Ethics belongs to reasoning and therefore to the logical brain while happiness is inherent in the unconscious, therefore it is part of the analogue brain. Man, like all other animals, is happy to live by his own nature.

Let's see what recent scientific studies based on technologies, called 'Brain imaging', say, which allow us to see which parts of the brain are most active during certain thoughts, words and actions. From these 'brain maps' it appears that rational thought and language activate in most cases the left hemisphere, which is similar to a computer, in that it accumulates the data of experiences in memory and repeats them on request. The right side of the brain is activated by music, by non-verbal language, which is made up of voice intonations, looks, gestures, facial expressions, etc. and creativity, which is the original combination of elements present in nature…

Unfortunately in modern society, especially following the predominance of rationalist science (and chauvinist culture), the judging part of the mind has taken over, hence the great step forward of monotheistic religions, of the arrogance of use towards other creatures and of nature. In this sense, the reading of Bataille's "The Limit of Use" is enlightening.

But at first superficial analysis it seems strange that even the so-called "animalism" and "veganism" are part of the same reasoning. To tell the truth, although they place themselves in (apparent) opposition to chauvinist and patriarchal oppression, in reality they are an equal counterpart to it. On the one hand they oppress themselves considering it their right and on the other they defend themselves in consideration of their own ideological (ethical) "superiority".

In the Hua Hu Ching it is said: "Tolerance is often required of other ordinary beings. For integral beings there is no such thing as tolerance, because there is no such thing as anything else. They have renounced all ideas of individuality and expanded the their good will without prejudice in any direction. Not hating, not resisting, not contesting. Loving, hating, having expectations - all these are attachments. Attachment prevents the growth of one's true being. Therefore the integral being is not attached to nothing and can relate to everyone with an unstructured attitude."

In Taoism, which is not strictly a religion or even a philosophy, but a form of naturalism lived without emphasis, abstention from excesses, both positive and negative, is indicated as a natural attitude of life. We understand good and evil but prefer neither one nor the other. Good (yang) and evil (Yin) are the two aspects of the manifestation of existence on this earth. And it is for this reason that the Taoists mocked the good Confucius who, as a convinced rationalist, pushed for a social and political ethic, while they limited themselves to remaining in their original nature. Respecting natural propensities, therefore not acquired for utilitarian convenience....

Happiness is our true nature, Osho stated, and the pursuit of happiness is a way to obscure and hide it. In fact, in an ancient Calcata proverb it is said "The best is the enemy of the good"... since by pursuing the hypothetical better one does not experience the good that is within reach. Proof of this is also at the legislative level in the continuous introduction of laws into society which do nothing but make justice increasingly quibbled and impracticable.

Perhaps the fantastic and the poetic should also be recovered in our social and productive life. ..That poeticity, which in the ancient world characterizes the form of man's questioning of reality and the meaning of his own experiences, is a significant indicator of an ORIGINAL CONCORD between a spontaneous acceptance of the other (not simply ethical) and innate happiness which with rationality ends up being forgotten.

It is necessary to overcome the detachment that has led to almost naturalizing the conflict between poetry and rhetoric, and this without wanting to efficiently promote, affirm and re-think the truth of joy as the result of an "ethical" conception.

“The man who does not want to be part of the masses has only to stop being accommodating to himself; he should rather follow his conscience which shouts to him: 'be yourself! You are certainly not what you do, think and desire now. Every young soul hears this appeal day and night and trembles at it; in fact he foresees, by turning his thoughts to his real liberation, the measure of happiness destined from eternity; happiness that he will never be able to achieve if chained by opinions and fear. And how absurd and desolate existence can become without this liberation! In nature there is no creature more empty and repugnant than man who has escaped his genius and now stealthily turns his gaze to the right and to the left, back and everywhere. In the end, such a man cannot even be attacked: he is just an exterior without a core, a rotten costume, painted and bloated, a dressed up ghost who cannot inspire fear, much less compassion." (Friedrich Nietzsche)

Paolo D'Arpini




Testo Italiano:

L'etica appartiene al ragionamento e quindi al cervello logico mentre la felicità è connaturata nell'inconscio, quindi fa parte del cervello analogico. L'Uomo, come tutti gli altri animali è felice di vivere per sua propria natura..

Vediamo cosa dicono i recenti studi scientifici basati su tecnologie, dette ‘Brain imaging’, che permettono di vedere quali parti del cervello si mettono in funzione maggiormente durante certi pensieri, parole e azioni. Da queste ‘mappe del cervello’ risulta che il pensiero razionale e il linguaggio attivano nella maggior parte dei casi l’emisfero sinistro, che e’ simile a un computer, in quanto accumula i dati delle esperienze in memoria e li ripete su richiesta. La parte destra del cervello e’ attivata dalla musica, dal linguaggio non-verbale, che e’ fatto di intonazioni della voce, sguardi, gesti, mimica facciale, ecc. e dalla creatività, che è la combinazione originale di elementi presenti in natura…

Purtroppo nella società moderna, soprattutto in seguito al predominio della scienza razionalista (ed ella cultura maschilista) ha preso il sopravvento la parte giudicativa della mente, da qui il grande passo avanti delle religioni monoteiste, della arroganza dell'uso nei confronti delle altre creature e della natura. In tal senso è illuminate la lettura de "Il Limite dell'Utile" di Battaille.  

Ma  ad una prima analisi superficiale appare strano che anche il così detto "animalismo" e "veganesimo" facciano parte di un ragionamento.  A dire il vero,  malgrado si pongono in opposizione (apparente) con la sopraffazione maschilista e patriarcale, in realtà ne sono un contraltare paritario. Da una parte si opprime considerandolo un proprio diritto e dall'altra si difende in considerazione della propria "superiorità"  ideologica (etica).

Nel Hua Hu Ching è detto: "Agli altri esseri comuni spesso si richiede tolleranza. Per gli esseri integrali non esiste una cosa come la tolleranza, perché non esiste nessuna cosa come le altre. Essi hanno rinunciato a tutte le idee di individualità e ampliato la loro buona volontà senza pregiudizi in qualunque direzione. Non odiando, non resistendo, non contestando. Amare, odiare, avere aspettative: tutti questi sono attaccamenti. L'attaccamento impedisce la crescita del proprio vero essere. Pertanto l'essere integrale non è attaccato a nulla e può relazionarsi a tutti con una attitudine non strutturata."

Nel taoismo, che non è propriamente una religione e nemmeno una filosofia, ma una forma di naturalismo vissuto senza enfasi, si indica l'astenersi dagli eccessi, sia in positivo che in negativo, come un naturale atteggiamento di vita. Si comprende il bene ed il male ma non si predilige né l'uno né l'altro. Il bene (yang) ed il male (Yin) sono i due aspetti del manifestarsi della esistenza su questa terra. Ed è per questa ragione che i taoisti irridevano il buon Confucio che da razionalista convinto spingeva per un'etica sociale e politica, mentre essi si limitavano a permanere nella propria natura originale. Rispettando le propensioni naturali, non acquisite quindi per convenienza utilitaristica....

La felicità è la nostra vera natura, affermava Osho, e la ricerca della felicità è un modo per oscurarla e nasconderla. Infatti in un antico proverbio calcatese si dice "Il meglio è nemico del bene"...  poiché perseguendo l'ipotetico meglio non si vive il bene che è a portata di mano. Prova ne sia anche a livello legislativo la continua immissione di leggi nella società che non fanno altro che rendere la giustizia sempre più cavillosa ed impraticabile.

Forse andrebbe recuperato il fantastico ed il poetico  anche nella nostra vita sociale e produttiva. ..Quella poeticità, che nel mondo antico caratterizza la forma dell’interrogarsi dell’uomo sul reale e sul senso delle proprie esperienze, è spia significativa di una ORIGINARIA CONCORDIA tra una spontanea accettazione dell'altro (non semplicemente etica) e la felicità innata  che con la razionalità  finisce con l’essere dimenticata.  

Occorre superare il  distacco che ha portato quasi a naturalizzare il conflitto tra  poesia e  retorica, e ciò senza voler efficientemente promuovere ed affermare e ri-pensare la verità della gioia  in quanto risultato di una  concezione "etica".

“L’uomo che non voglia far parte della massa non ha che da smettere di essere accomodante con se stesso; segua piuttosto la propria coscienza che gli grida: ’sii te stesso! Tu non sei certo ciò che fai, pensi e desideri ora’. Ogni giovane anima sente giorno e notte questo appello e ne trema; infatti presagisce, rivolgendo il pensiero alla sua reale liberazione, la misura di felicità destinata dall’eternità; felicità che non riuscirà mai a raggiungere se incatenata dalle opinioni e dalla paura. E quanto assurda e desolata può divenire l’esistenza senza questa liberazione! Nella natura non c’è creatura più vuota e ripugnante dell’uomo che è sfuggito al suo genio e ora volge di soppiatto lo sguardo a destra e a sinistra, indietro e ovunque. Un tale uomo alla fine non lo si può neppure attaccare: è solo esteriorità senza nucleo, un marcio costume, pitturato e rigonfio, un fantasma agghindato che non può ispirare paura e tanto meno compassione.” (Friedrich Nietzsche)

Paolo D'Arpini


mercoledì 11 ottobre 2023

Bioregionalism and the Italian Bioregional Network...


Risultati immagini per montecorone incontro bioregionale

The concept of "Bioregion" was formulated in the 1970s as part of a research aimed at identifying a sustainable approach to natural resources, led by Peter Berg, an exponent of North American cultural avant-gardes, and by the US ecologist Raymond Dasmann. The work produced by these two singular personalities was published in December 1977 in an article in the American magazine The Ecologist in which for the first time the terms Bioregion and Bioregionalism were used.

In the same years, Peter Berg founded the movement known as Planet Drum, to spread the bioregion concept as a starting point for sustainability, as well as the cultural, ideological and daily life implications of it They are derived.

Since then, bioregional theory has attracted the interest of scientists, ecologists, agronomists and economists from all over the world, has been criticized and overturned, mainly because of "the difficulty of identifying unique criteria for delimiting bioregions". He got favorable opinions and opinions and, in all cases, has collected countless pages in specialized literature all over the world.

To date, it is possible to draw on many definitions of "Bioregion" and "Bioregionalism", provided by the most diverse personalities of the world and on the basis of heterogeneous approaches. Overall, it can be said that everyone agrees that "bioregion" is defined as "a territory not bordered by political or administrative boundaries but by objective boundaries (natural ecosystems) and" subjective "(social identities); hence a geographical area bounded by physical limits (river basin, mountain range) and ecosystems' homogeneity (climate, soil, flora, fauna) and the social characteristics of local communities (customs, traditions, collective identity, sense of belonging to the territory) ".

As far as the "bioregional practice" is concerned, the issue is more complex: in the intentions of its founders, bioregionalism is a choice of life that involves, first of all, the experience of deep ecology, self-sustaining and self-sufficiency, it involves the ability of the inhabitants of a bioregion to organize themselves and find all the resources they need within the boundaries of their own region, by avoiding as possible  the practice of transferring resources into space and time and thus extending the concept of sustainability the whole ecosystem and not only in terms of the natural environment and its resources.

Such a approach appears, in some ways, extremely utopistic and unmanageable in a globalized world, which led some practitioners to reformulate the definition of "bioregional practrice"  through a more pragmatic and less radical approach that sees "the global sustainability of the planetary system as a sum of the sustainable management of the natural resources of a territory by local communities.".  Within a similar idea of sustainability, bioregional choice does not deny the prospect of development, provided that it is ecologically sustainable, and that it stems from the choices of local populations, nor precludes the possibility of interaction with economic and cultural operators outside the bioregion, provided that  is in accord with the criteria of "ecological sense" set by the local populations.

In both cases, bioregionalism, however, has a choice of life that avoids pollution and promotes conservation and recycling, which enhances the typical products of the region, adapting production systems to the environmental characteristics of the site and which, above all, implies a downsizing at the local level of natural resource management as an indispensable starting point for any attempt at environmental sustainability.

In Italy, the "bioregional movement" has been affirming in the early 1980s, coordinated by a group of activists referring to the AAM Terra Nuova newspaper. After about 10 years, thanks to the dissemination work carried out by two magazine,  particularly devoted to the bioregionalism philosophy, "Wild Side" and  "Borders", in 1996, the Italian Bioregional Network was born, a set of groups, associations, communities and individuals who share the bioregional idea and in person, in their own place, are doing to do it.

Consistent with the purely local character of bioregional practice  the internal organizational structure of the network seeks to decentralize "management", merely constituting a Council of Topics, formed by subjects with different qualifications, each of which, according to their own competences, advances the specific implementation of bioregionalism.

Paolo D'Arpini

Risultati immagini per montecorone incontro bioregionale

Referent for Public Relations of the Italian Bioregional Network - Via Mazzini, 27 - 62010 Treia (Mc) - Italy bioregionalismo.treia@gmail.com